Inferior polar renal artery arising just above the aortic bifurcation: case report and brief literature review

BACKGROUND: Multiple renal arteries (MRAs) are common anatomical variants; however, inferior polar arteries (IPAs) remain rare and clinically significant. Their presence may influence surgical procedures, transplantation outcomes, and diagnostic imaging. Therefore, detailed anatomical descriptions of such variants remain important. CASE REPORT: A rare case of right inferior polar artery (RIPA) was identified during routine cadaveric dissection of an 86-year-old female cadaver. Morphometric measurements of the vessel were performed using an electronic caliper with an accuracy of ± 0.02 mm. RESULTS: The RIPA originated 6.88 mm above the aortic bifurcation and 77.30 mm below the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. Its diameter at the origin was 3.07 mm and its length measured 75.53 mm. The artery coursed anterior to the inferior vena cava and posterior to the ureter before entering the inferior pole of the right kidney. According to the classification of Cases Clara et al., this variant corresponded to type d and pattern II. No vascular anomalies were observed on the left side. CONCLUSIONS: Inferior polar arteries, although uncommon, have important clinical implications in surgical, interventional, and transplant settings. Accurate anatomical knowledge and careful morphometric documentation of such variants are essential for anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons to optimize patient safety and outcomes.