Multidimensional comparison of the sexuality of heterosexual and homosexual Polish young men

Introduction: This research aims to examine both the differences and shared experiences in sexuality and body image between heterosexual and homosexual men within a Polish cultural context. Material and methods: A sample of 287 participants completed a survey about their sexuality and body image. Following the exclusion of individuals outside the target population, the final sample comprised 214 participants (M age = 22.20; SD age = 2.11; 53% heterosexual men). Data were collected between April 11 and June 28, 2025. Statistical analyses included the independent samples t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The results indicated that gay men reported a significantly greater number of sexual partners over the past year compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Conversely, heterosexual men rated their upper-body strength and physical condition more favorably than gay men. Notably, gay men exhibited heightened sexual consciousness, reflecting a deeper awareness and introspection regarding their sexuality. However, no significant differences emerged between the groups in terms of sexual satisfaction or sexual self-esteem. Conclusions: Findings indicate few distinctions in sexual functioning across heterosexual and homosexual men; nonetheless, homosexual men exhibited increased sexual reflection, a greater number of partners, and lower body-related self-esteem.