Challenges in Processing Animal- Origin Products for Viral Detection

Foodborne diseases present a significant global health challenge, impacting millions of people each year and leading to substantial economic losses. Unlike other microorganisms, viruses cannot replicate in food, but they can persist through processing and storage, using contaminated food as an efficient vehicle for transmission. Their low infectious dose, high shedding rates in infected individuals, and resilience to environmental stresses make them highly effective at spreading, highlighting the critical need for reliable detection and control strategies to ensure food safety worldwide. This review evaluates the effectiveness and applicability of different viral concentration methods to different animal food products. Examinating methodologies based on precipitation by polyethylene glycol, ultracentrifugation, magnetic bead-based approaches, and different elution techniques. The review underscores the importance of optimizing concentration methods based on virus type, substrate, and conditions to ensure effective detection and quantification of foodborne viruses. By providing a comprehensive overview of current virus concentration techniques, the review aims to improve food safety practices and reduce foodborne viral illnesses worldwide.