Phytochemical investigation and integrating network pharmacology of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. for antidiabetic potential

In this present work, we have investigated phytochemicals and therapeutic action of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn., in diabetic mellitus condition by network pharmacology. In this study, we employed identified active compounds from Trigonella foenum graecum Linn., leaves extract were identify by HPLC and SwissADME, STRING, Cytoscape, KEGG and GO software used for purpose of protein-protein interaction, protein compound interaction and pathways enrichment analysis. These approach to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of Trigonella foenum graecum Linn., specifically targeting the advanced glycation end products PI3K-Akt signaling pathway implicated in DM pathogenesis. In the present study, we identified key diosgenin, trigonelline and quercetin bioactive compounds in Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. A total of 259 compound related targets and 17738 diabetic mellitus related targets with 224 interacting targets between them. PI3K, AKT, GSK3, mTOR, CDK, MDM2, CREB, IKK and Mcl-1 highly expressed targets. Out of the 224 targets that intersected, 40 targets were directly linked to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This work underscores importance of network pharmacology in unravelling complex mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of natural products, offering insights for the development of innovative treatments for DM and related complications. Trigonella foenum graecum Linn. might exert an antidiabetic effect by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.