Beyond Pastoralism: Diversity and Dynamics of Olive Farming Systems in the Steppic Arid Region of Djelfa, Algeria

This study aims to analyze and characterize olive farms in the wilaya of Djelfa, a steppe and arid region undergoing rapid agricultural transformation. Traditionally known as a livestock-oriented region, particularly for sheep farming, Djelfa is now witnessing a growing interest in olive cultivation. Through surveys of 57 farms, a functional typology was developed, highlighting three distinct classes of farms. These categories reflect significant differences in terms of capital invested, farm area used, labor mobilized, as well as cropping and breeding choices. The results show that olive-growing, although still developing, is part of an agricultural landscape dominated by systems combining crops and livestock. The region’s pastoral vocation influences farming practices, notably through the presence of rangelands and cereal crops. However, some highly capitalized farms are adopting simplified systems, focusing on specific crops such as olive growing. These results offer prospects for the development of agricultural policies adapted to the sustainable management of resources in steppe areas.