IMPACT OF VEGAN TOOTHPASTES ON ENAMEL SURFACE INTEGRITY AFTER EROSION AND ABRASION: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Objective: To evaluate the impact of vegan toothpastes on enamel surface integrity after erosive and abrasive challenges based on available scientific evidence. Methodology: A narrative review of in vitro, in situ, and clinical studies retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies comparing vegan and conventional toothpastes regarding abrasivity, remineralization potential, and enamel protection were included. Results: Evidence shows high variability among vegan toothpaste formulations. Fluoride-free products or those containing alternative abrasives may lead to increased enamel loss after erosion and abrasion. Conversely, vegan toothpastes formulated with fluoride, hydroxyapatite, or bioactive compounds demonstrated comparable performance to conventional toothpastes. Conclusion: Vegan toothpastes are not a homogeneous category in terms of safety and efficacy. Enamel integrity is primarily influenced by formulation characteristics rather than the exclusion of animal-derived ingredients, underscoring the importance of scientific validation.