CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN COASTAL-INDUSTRIAL CITIES: THE INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in childhood, representing a major global public health challenge. It results from complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, particularly exposure to air pollutants. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and environmental determinants of childhood asthma, emphasizing its relationship with atmospheric pollution in Santos, São Paulo. A narrative literature review was conducted, complemented by secondary epidemiological data from DATASUS, CETESB, and municipal epidemiological bulletins. The analysis integrated international and national findings, highlighting the influence of fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) and ozone (O₃) on the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations. Evidence indicates that air pollution acts as a major aggravating factor, contributing to higher rates of hospitalization and decreased quality of life in children. The study reinforces the importance of preventive environmental policies and continuous monitoring of air quality to mitigate the burden of pediatric asthma.