BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF RHBMP-2 IN MAXILLARY BONE REGENERATION

Objective: To describe the clinical effectiveness and biological mechanisms of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in maxillary bone regeneration, emphasizing its role in replacing autogenous bone grafts in severe resorption cases and expanding prosthetic rehabilitation options. Methodology: A narrative review of the literature was conducted through searches of PubMed, LILACS, and institutional repositories focusing on clinical applications of rhBMP-2 in bone reconstruction relevant to dental implant rehabilitation. Publications addressing sinus augmentation, ridge augmentation, and clinical reports were included to provide a comprehensive overview. Additionally, case evidence from clinical portals was considered to illustrate real-world clinical protocols. Results: The evidence indicates that rhBMP-2 enhances osteoinduction by stimulating mesenchymal cell differentiation into osteoblasts, promoting new bone formation. Clinical use in alveolar ridge preservation, augmentation before implant placement, and sinus floor elevation has shown satisfactory bone regeneration that facilitates prosthetic rehabilitation without the need for extraoral grafting, reducing morbidity and treatment time. Conclusion: rhBMP-2 is a viable biological alternative to autogenous bone grafts in maxillary bone regeneration procedures, offering predictable outcomes in complex rehabilitations. However, careful case selection, standardized protocols, and further high-quality clinical trials are necessary to establish long-term safety and optimal use.