COMPARISON BETWEEN BARIATRIC SURGERY AND TIRZEPATIDE (MOUNJARO®) IN REDUCING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN OBESE PATIENTS

Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, resulting from complex interactions among metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory factors. In recent decades, surgical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies have been extensively investigated to reduce cardiometabolic risk in individuals with obesity. This study aimed to compare scientific evidence on the effects of bariatric surgery and tirzepatide (Mounjaro®) in reducing cardiovascular risk in obese patients. This is an integrative and comparative review with a qualitative–quantitative approach, developed from articles published between 2015 and 2025 in the PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, and AHA Journals databases. Twenty studies were analyzed, including clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, of which fifteen demonstrated higher methodological relevance and were used in the comparative synthesis of findings. The results showed that bariatric surgery, particularly the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy techniques, promotes a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality, improvement in glycemic and lipid profiles, and a decrease in systemic inflammatory markers. Tirzepatide, in turn, demonstrated a marked impact on weight loss, insulin sensitivity, and improvement of inflammatory and hemodynamic parameters, with a cardioprotective effect comparable to that observed after metabolic surgery. It is concluded that both approaches constitute effective and complementary strategies for the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity, representing promising perspectives for contemporary metabolic medicine.