Jadidism as a Modernization Movement: Educational Reform, National Consciousness, and Pedagogical TransformationamongTurkic-Muslim Societies in the Late 19th and Early 20thCenturies

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries represented a period of profound political, cultural, and educational transformation for Turkic-Muslim societies within the Russian Empire.Growing geopolitical tensions, colonial pressures, and the weakening support from the Ottoman Empire intensified concerns among intellectual elites regarding cultural assimilation and national decline.In response, a reformist intellectual movement known as Jadidism emerged, advocating educational modernization as the primary means of social renewal and national survival.This study examines Jadidism as a comprehensive modernization project centered on pedagogical reform, cultural revival, and the harmonization of Islamic intellectual traditions with European scientific and educational models.The movement promoted the restructuring of traditional educational institutions through methodological innovation, curriculum reform, teacher professionalization, the expansion of secular subjects, and the establishment of modern schools, including institutions for girls.Using historical-analytical methods, the research explores the ideological foundations, institutional development, and socio-political impact of Jadid educational reforms in the Caucasus and broader Turkic-Muslim regions.The findings demonstrate that Jadidism played a decisive role in shaping modern pedagogical thought, fostering national consciousness, and laying the intellectual foundations for cultural modernization and educational transformation in the Muslim East.