Current perspectives and challenges of digital hypertension: artificial intelligence in the management of hypertension

Hypertension remains a leading global health challenge. However, decades of conventional strategies have failed to achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control rates. Given the complex pathophysiology and diverse risk factors of hypertension, the primary barriers to its effective management are an inadequate recognition of cardiovascular risk, as well as suboptimal methods for accurate, early-stage diagnosis and phenotyping. This persistent public health problem underscores an urgent need for transformative innovations of hypertension management. Digital hypertension is an emerging field that integrates advanced technologies into the management of hypertension, especially artificial intelligence (AI). Emerging technologies are providing new strategies for hypertension management, including accurate prediction and precision subtyping from large datasets, remote telemedicine support, intelligent BP monitoring, and personalized interventions. This review summarizes recent advancements and challenges in these technologies, particularly AI, offering new insights for realizing precision medicine in the era of digital hypertension.