Phytochemical Characterization of Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel Stem Extract through GC–MS Analysis

A complete GC-MS-based analysis that focuses on the phytochemical profiling of Digitaria ciliaris stem extracts is still largely unexplored, despite earlier research that used various solvents and analytical techniques to investigate the phytochemical profile and medicinal qualities of the extracts. The purpose of this study was aimed to examine the phytochemical composition of the methanol extract of Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel stem. Digitaria ciliaris, also referred to as summer grass or Southern crabgrass, has long been prized for its therapeutic qualities, especially its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic actions using GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical components found in the methanol extract of Digitaria ciliaris stems were identified and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction procedure was conducted in a controlled environment to assure the highest possible yield of bioactive components. Electron ionization (EI) mode was used to record the mass spectra, and retention times and spectral data were compared to entries in the NIST Mass Spectral Library. The phytochemical components found in the stem methanol extract of Digitaria ciliaris were accurately and consistently identified due to this exacting analytical method. A varied profile with 59 unique chemicals was found by GC-MS analysis, which 4-Vinylphenol (25.92%) being the most abundant, followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (11.26%) and gamma- Sitosterol (5.55%). Other notable compounds included Stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one (4.34%), and Pthalic acid, di(2-methoxybenzyl) ester (4.15%), Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.) (3.78%), gamma-Sitostenone (2.85%), n-Butyl ricinoleate (2.73%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes,2-chloro-7-[(2-nitrophenyl)thio] (2.51%), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.45%), Campesterol (2.39%), Lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one (2.24%),Cholesta-2,8-dien-6-ol,14-methyl-, acetate(5-alpha, 6-alpha) (1.92%), Benzene, 1-chloro-4-methoxy- (1.82%),13-Docosenamide,(Z)- (1.69%) and4-Campestene-3-one (1.44%). The chemicals that were discovered point to a variety of pharmacological actions, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. In order to isolate these bioactive chemicals and assess their individual and combined effects in a variety of biological models, more study is necessary. This thorough phytochemical analysis highlights the medicinal potential of Digitaria ciliaris stem extract. These findings support the potential use of Digitaria ciliaris in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications and advance our understanding of its therapeutic characteristics. Future research should focus on isolating these different compounds and investigating their specific biological roles, as well as any potential synergistic effects. This could lead to the development of novel therapeutic compounds derived from Digitaria ciliaris stems.