Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Species Associated with Spoilage of Banana (Musa acuminata) Fruits Marketed in Magaret Umahi International Market, Abakaliki

Introduction: Bananas (Musa acuminata) are widely consumed fruits in Nigeria due to their nutritional value and affordability. However, they are highly perishable and susceptible to microbial spoilage which can lead to significant post-harvest losses and potential health risks. Aim: This study investigated the bacterial species responsible for the spoilage of banana fruits sold at Magaret Umahi International Market, Abakaliki. Methods: Ten banana samples were collected and analyzed for total bacterial counts, morphological characteristics and biochemical properties using standard culture-based techniques on selective media. Results: A total of 22 bacterial isolates were recovered, comprising Staphylococcus aureus (31.82%), Escherichia coli (27.27%), Pseudomonas spp. (22.73%), and Proteus spp. (18.18%). S. aureus and E. coli were the predominant species, indicating potential contamination from handling and unhygienic conditions, while Pseudomonas and Proteus reflected environmental exposure. Total bacterial counts ranged from 1.1 ×10³ to 9.8 ×10³ CFU/mg, demonstrating moderate microbial loads capable of accelerating spoilage. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for improved hygiene, proper handling, and post-harvest management to reduce microbial contamination and enhance the safety and shelf-life of banana fruits. These findings provide critical insights for public health, food safety, and market management in tropical regions.