Plant-Derived Feed Resources as Sustainable Alternatives for Labeo rohita: A Review of Growth, Health, and Nutritional Impacts

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors and is expected to meet the majority of future fish demand as the global population surpasses 8 billion. The sustainability issues with traditional fishmeal-based meals have prompted research on plant-based substitutes. This study summarizes studies on the use of unconventional plant resources in the diets of Labeo rohita (rohu), a significant large carp in India, such as sweet potato leaves, mustard oil cake, and Delonix regia leaf meal. We discussed impacts on growth, digestibility, enzyme activity, hematological parameters, immunological modulation, and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). Plant feeds minimize environmental impacts, save costs, and promote fish health when processed adequately, with optimal inclusion levels of 10-40%. However, ANFs like tannins and phytates limit higher substitutions. Results back up plant feeds as practical, environmentally beneficial choices for sustainable rohu farming, along with processing suggestions.