Co-feeding Using Live and Inert Diets in Aquaculture Larval Rearing: Nutritional Significance, Performance Outcomes and Future Perspectives

The co-feeding strategy for larval rearing appeared as a promising approach to enhance the survival, growth, and health of aquaculture species. This review discusses the various co-feeding methodologies, examining the synergistic effects of combining live feeds with inert diets during the early development stages of aquatic animals. The integration of different feed types aims to capitalize on the nutritional completeness of live feeds while leveraging the convenience and cost-effectiveness of formulated diets. Key aspects covered include the physiological and nutritional benefits of co-feeding, optimal combinations and ratios of live and inert feeds, and the impact on larval development and immune responses. Additionally, the review addresses the practical implications of co-feeding in commercial aquaculture, highlighting advances in feed technology, feeding protocols, and the economic viability of this approach. Challenges such as feed palatability, microbial management, and the need for tailored feeding strategies for different species are also discussed. Through a comprehensive analysis of current research and practices, this review underscores the potential of co-feeding strategies to improve larval rearing outcomes, thereby contributing to the sustainability and productivity of aquaculture systems.