Eco-Friendly Activated Carbon Synthesized from Date Pits and Application in Water Treatment to Remove Organic Dyes

Chemical dyes are routinely discharged into ecosystems via textile industry effluents and landfill leachates.Adsorption using engineered adsorbents presents a viable strategy for pollutant removal in water treatment.Activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanoparticles are composite materials that integrate nanomaterials, rendering them less susceptible to these processes.This study involved preparing and characterizing AC using UV-Vis, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.We subsequently assessed its capacity to remove methylene blue (MB) under varying conditions of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time.The dye is often utilized in the textile and chemical industries.The adsorbent achieved a removal efficacy of 99.9% under optimal conditions: a temperature of 25 ℃, a pH range of 7-9, and a contact time of 60-120 minutes.The removal process was characterized by pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm model.The results indicated that the adsorbent's surface was heterogeneous, consisting of many layers.The calculated thermodynamic parameters were ∆G • = -4.24kJ/mol, ∆H • = -0.0975kJ/mol, and ∆S • = -0.3125kJ/kg/K.