Comprehensive Taxonomy of Business Model Components: Synthesizing Core and Contextual Elements through a Systematic Literature Review

Conceptual fragmentation in business model component definitions across scholarly literature impedes consistent pedagogy and meaningful comparative analysis.This systematic review synthesizes peerreviewed research published between 2000 and 2025 to establish a unified taxonomy, distinguishing universally applicable core elements from context-specific components.Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, comprehensive searches across Web of Science and Google Scholar identified relevant studies through dualreviewer screening and rigorous data extraction.Statistical validation confirmed the prevalence of core versus optional components.The analysis identifies five stable core component groups manifest consistently across the literature: value proposition and delivery mechanisms, customer segments and relationship architectures, key resources and organizational activities, financial structures encompassing revenue models and cost arrangements, and ecosystem partners and governance networks.Contemporary scholarship increasingly incorporates a sixth optional extension addressing sustainability dimensions, circular economy principles, digital transformation initiatives, and artificial intelligence-driven innovations-reflecting the evolving priorities of organizations and market dynamics.This consolidated framework synthesizes decades of business model research into a coherent taxonomy, providing researchers, educators, and practitioners with a standardized foundation for rigorous analysis, curriculum development, and strategic implementation across heterogeneous organizational contexts and industries.