Taxonomic studies on Encalyptaceae (Bryophyta) from Hunza, Karakoram Range, Pakistan

The bryophytes of Pakistan are poorly explored, particularly in high altitude regions of the Karakoram ranges. In the present study, extensive field surveys were conducted in Hunza, Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan, from 2013-2017. The study deals with the taxonomic studies, particularly of the family Encalyptaceae. A total of six species were identified, belonging to the genus Encalypta within the elevation range of 2500 to 4100 m above sea level. Among these, Encalypta cilliata and E. spathulata were recorded for the first time from Pakistan. The relevant keys, description, currently known geographic distribution, color plates, location map, and precise ecological attributes in relation to habitat have been provided for each species. Consequently, the known diversity of Encalyptaceae in the country expanded to eight species, which underscores the significance of the Karakoram as a center of bryophyte diversity. Further surveys in remote valleys and higher altitudes are recommended to achieve a more comprehensive account of the national Bryoflora.