IoT-Based ECG Monitoring System in Today’s Healthcare: A Review

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of IoT-based electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring systems utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller and A7620G LTE module.These systems enable real-time cardiac health monitoring by integrating low-cost hardware with reliable wide-area cellular communication, facilitating continuous remote patient data transmission and analysis.The paper examines key components including hardware integration, communication protocols such as MQTT and HTTP, and advanced signal processing techniques like Pan-Tompkins QRS detection and digital filtering.It also addresses critical challenges such as power consumption, motion artifacts, network reliability, and data security.Comparative analysis of existing literature highlights the evolution from early GSM modules to LTE-based solutions, emphasizing improvements in data transmission speed and coverage.Cloud integration for data visualization and remote access is discussed, underscoring the role of scalable platforms in modern healthcare.The review concludes by identifying future research directions, including AI-driven anomaly detection, edge computing, and 5G adoption, aimed at enhancing system performance and clinical utility.This paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop efficient, accessible, and scalable IoT ECG monitoring solutions.