An Embedded System Approach for Solar Battery Charging and Load Protection

Small-scale solar power systems are often plagued by a number of problems, including battery overcharge and deep discharge, which directly impact the efficiency of the system.In order to mitigate these problems, this paper presents the design and implementation of a hybrid solar battery charging and load controller system using the ESP32 microcontroller.In this system, the solar panel voltage and battery voltage are continuously monitored through the use of a voltage divider circuit, which has been appropriately designed to interface the voltage signals to the microcontroller.Based on the voltage level, the charging of the battery is automatically controlled, and the load is disconnected once the voltage level drops to a certain level.To improve the reliability of the system, several protective components such as a Schottky diode and flyback diodes are included to prevent possible hardware failures.