Role of Nanomaterials in Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes

Around the world, water contamination is becoming a serious issue.High concentrations of metals, pesticides, herbicides, and hazardous industrial effluents found in waste water can interfere with human and animal biochemical processes and change enzyme activity, which can result in several illnesses and genetic problems.The availability of clean drinking water is seriously threatened by global population expansion and climate change, and new and creative water treatment technologies are desperately needed to guarantee a steady supply of clean drinking water.Nanotechnology is one of the new technologies used to clean contaminated water.Nanotechnology has enormous promise for improving water and wastewater treatment, increasing treatment effectiveness, and expanding the water supply by safely utilizing nontraditional water sources.Nanotechnology uses particles that are much smaller than 100 nm in size.Because of their small size and large fraction of atoms on the surface, nanoparticles have excellent absorbing, interacting, and reacting properties.Silver, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, copper, zinc oxide, silicon, and gold nanoparticles are among the different kinds of nanoparticles utilized in wastewater treatment.Large-scale application of methods like reverse osmosis, microfiltration, and ultrafiltration is restricted due to their high cost.In order to get around these restrictions, a technique known as nanotechnology has a wider range of applications in the field of water treatment.When compared to traditional and conventional techniques of wastewater treatment, nanoparticle-based treatment ensures environmentally beneficial, economical, energyefficient, and time-saving ways.This review focuses mostly on the application of different nanoparticles in wastewater treatment.This review also addresses various nanotechnology-based water treatment methods.