A Comprehensive Etiopathogenetic Study of Madhumeha (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) and Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Classical Ayurvedic Compound Formulations

Background: Madhumeha, described under Prameha in Ayurveda, closely resembles Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), a major lifestyle disorder characterized by metabolic dysregulation, impaired Agni (digestive fire), and Medovriddhi (adiposity).Classical Ayurvedic texts advocate Deepana-Pachana and Kapha-Medohara drugs for its management.Aim: To study the etiopathogenesis of Madhumeha and evaluate the clinical efficacy of two classical Ayurvedic formulations-Deepaniya Mahakashaya Churna and Puga Khadir Kwatha-in comparison with standard modern therapy.Methods: A randomized, controlled, three-arm clinical study was conducted on 60 diagnosed patients of Madhumeha.Patients were divided into three groups: Group A received Deepaniya Mahakashaya Churna, Group B received Puga Khadir Kwatha, and Group C received Glypizide.Treatment duration was 90 days.Clinical symptoms and biochemical parameters including FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c were assessed.Results: Both Ayurvedic formulations showed improvement in classical symptoms and glycemic parameters, with significant reduction in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels.The outcomes were comparable to the control group.Conclusion: Deepaniya Mahakashaya and Puga Khadir Kwatha are safe, economical, and effective therapeutic options for managing Madhumeha through correction of Agni Dushti and Medovriddhi.