Review of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Evolving Paradigms and Future Directions

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality.[9] [2]. This review provides a comprehensive overview of breast cancer epidemiology, risk factors, molecular classifications, pathogenesis, diagnostic advances, and therapeutic strategies.[2][5][3]Key risk factors include genetic mutations like BRCA1/2, hormonal influences, obesity, and lifestyle elements, with early detection via mammography and biomarkers improving outcomes.[2] [10] [8]Therapeutic approaches encompass surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy for ER-positive tumors, and targeted agents like trastuzumab for HER2-positive cases, alongside emerging options for resistant subtypes.[5] [3] Personalized medicine and multidisciplinary care optimize survival, though challenges persist in aggressive forms like triple-negative breast cancer.[2] [3]Ongoing research into novel therapies and prevention underscores the need for continued innovation.[5] [3]