Angles and trigonometry
Abstract
In this note, we introduce the sine and cosine functions on (abstract) angles that are defined as equivalence classes of vector pairs.We avoid power series, differential and integral calculus.The number π emerges as the limit of repeated application of half-angle formula (the Viète formula).It is shown that the functions defined coincide with ordinary sine and cosine.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Mathematics and Applications
History and Theory of Mathematics
Advanced Mathematical Theories
Publication details
- Journal / source
- The Teaching of Mathematics
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026