Examining the implementation of a mindfulness-based intervention for anxiety: A mixed-method, single-case study investigation

This single-case study examines the impact of a 6-week Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) on an individual experiencing anxiety, with a particular focus on intolerance of uncertainty (IU). A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative measures with qualitative data from session notes, interviews, and participant feedback. Quantitative findings indicated reductions in stress (DASS-21: pre-test = 36, post-test = 26), anxiety (pre-test = 30, post-test = 18), and depression (pre-test = 38, post-test = 28) scores from pre- to post-intervention. Increases were observed in mindfulness (pre-test = 42, post-test = 64) and resilience (pre-test = 28, post-test = 36), alongside a reduction in intolerance of uncertainty scores (pre-test = 48, post-test = 42). Qualitative findings, drawn from the participant’s own accounts during interviews, session notes, and home practice reflections, described improvements in sleep, greater relaxation and calmness, as well as enhanced self-confidence and self-awareness. The perceived effects of the intervention were influenced by participant-related factors (symptom severity, readiness, patience, and challenges in habit change), program-related factors (session length and the absence of a practitioner during home practice), and environmental factors (the need for a distraction-free space). These findings highlight the context-specific nature of MBI outcomes and suggest that individualized support and tailored approaches may be important for sustaining potential benefits. Future research with larger samples is needed to further explore strategies for supporting individuals with high anxiety and IU in maintaining long-term mindfulness practices.