Varicella (Chickenpox) in immunocompromised patients

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a viral disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is easily transmitted from person to person.While the infection usually resolves without significant consequences in individuals with normal immune function, it can become severe and potentially fatal in adults and those with compromised immunity.This report presents the case of a 34-year-old man with long-term glucocorticoid therapy who developed an extensive vesicular rash accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, generalized weakness, nausea, and vomiting.Clinical evaluation revealed widespread vesicles with areas of crusting and erosion involving the face and body.Laboratory investigations identified reduced platelet counts, abnormalities in electrolyte levels, and substantially increased liver enzyme values.Imaging of the chest showed pulmonary infiltrates, and cytological examination using the Tzanck test demonstrated multinucleated giant cells, supporting a diagnosis of varicella, while testing for monkeypox was negative.The patient was diagnosed with complicated varicella associated with electrolyte imbalance and liver enzyme elevation.Treatment consisted of oral acyclovir along with supportive measures and correction of electrolyte disturbances.Marked clinical and biochemical improvement was noted within six days, allowing discharge in good condition.This case underscores the critical role of timely diagnosis and early antiviral intervention in immunocompromised patients to reduce the risk of serious complications and achieve favorable outcomes.