Digital transformation, social media platforms, and the reshaping of media policies in Jordan (2020–2025): A Political-Legal approach to governance, legitimacy, and digital security

This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the Jordanian state's political and legal responses to the challenges brought about by rapid digital transformation and the increasing influence of social media platforms between 2020 and 2025.The research specifically investigates the development and effects of new media policies designed to strike a balance between the imperatives of digital governance and security on the one hand, and the requirements of legitimacy and freedom of expression on the other.Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study examines the legislative framework, governmental strategies, human rights reports, and available data pertaining to Jordan's digital landscape.Through this approach, the research identifies a distinct trend toward what can be characterized as a "digital authoritarian governance" model, which is most notably embodied in the 2023 Cybercrime Law.This legislative and policy orientation has succeeded in strengthening state control over digital spaces; however, it has also resulted in significant drawbacks.The findings of the analysis reveal that while enhanced control may serve security objectives, it simultaneously undermines the legitimacy of media policies and restricts freedom of expression.This shift has created an atmosphere of legal uncertainty, which in turn poses risks to innovation and the overall growth of the digital economy in the long term.Based on these observations, the study concludes that achieving a fair and sustainable balance between security and freedom requires a thorough reassessment of the current approach.It advocates for the adoption of a participatory framework in which the protection of digital rights is central to both governance and security strategies.To this end, the research recommends revising the Cybercrime Law to better align with international standards, fostering constructive dialogue between the state and civil society, and establishing a digital governance model capable of safeguarding security without compromising individual freedoms.