Challenges and opportunities for Deep and Meaningful Learning (DML) approaches: An overview of critical learning paradigms, the new curriculum in Indonesia

Identifying challenges early on is highly recommended, this aims to clarify opportunities for teachers in implementing the Deep and Meaningful Learning (DML) approaches.The study was conducted on 205 teachers from 151 vocational schools in East Java Province, Indonesia with more than 108.144 students.The target of the study was Natural and Social Sciences Project (NSS-P) teachers, how can they design their critical learning meaningfulness?The methods used were questionnaires and interviews, deeply data analysis using Milles & Huberman including reduction, presentation, and data validation.The results (1) in their design, most of the teachers have not optimized yet the digital platform provided, have not referred to the recommended instructional model; (2) opportunities, 83.41% of the teachers used extensive and varied learning resources, and 93.17% involved technology in learning.This research provided a contribution to what teachers should do before the critical learning process started with approach DML.