Cryotherapy as a treatment for Post-Transracial PCI pain and hemostasis: A systematic literature review

Post-PCI transradial patients often experience pain and hemostasis disorders such as bleeding or hematoma at the puncture site.Cryotherapy as a nonpharmacological therapy has been reported to reduce pain and bleeding, but the scientific evidence addressing both outcomes simultaneously is limited and not yet integrated.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy against pain and hemostasis in patients with post-transradial PCI based on the findings of available studies.This study uses Systematic Literature Review method by searching articles on various scientific databases such as Pubmed, Cinahl, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in the last ten years.Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria until 16 journals relevant to the topic of the effectiveness of cryotherapy in reducing pain and supporting post-transradial PCI hemostasis were obtained.All selected articles were systematically analyzed to synthesize the main findings as the basis for drawing conclusions.The results of the study show that cryotherapy is effective in reducing pain intensity and supporting post-PCI hemostasis through vasoconstriction mechanisms and reducing pain impulses, thus potentially becoming a safe and low-cost nonpharmacological nursing intervention.However, the available evidence is still limited by the heterogeneity of the study design, the variation of cryotherapy protocols, and the lack of studies specifically focusing on transradial PCI.Therefore, further research with controlled randomized trial designs and standardized protocols is needed to strengthen the scientific basis and support the development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.