In Vitro Investigation of Shear Bond Strength of Titanium Alloy of Monolithic Zirconia Prepared with Different Surface Roughening Methods Using Various Types of Cements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals bonded to titanium alloys using different surface treatment methods and four types of cement. A total of 80 titanium and monolithic zirconia disks were fabricated using computer-aided design/manufacturing technology. Titanium disks were polished with silicon carbide paper and sandblasted with 50 μm Al2O3. Subsequently, 40 samples underwent additional sandblasting with 50 μm Al2O3, while the remaining 40 received a tribochemical silica coating. Monolithic zirconia disks were divided into four groups based on surface treatment (n = 10), and titanium disks were cemented using conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified GIC, self-adhesive resin cement, and dual-cure resin cement. SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine, and fracture patterns were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results indicated that SBS values varied significantly based on surface treatment and cement type (p < 0.001). The highest SBS was recorded in the tribochemical silica-coated G-CEM ONE group (34.77 ± 5.53 MPa), whereas the lowest was in the Al2O3-sandblasted GC Fuji I group (3.30 ± 0.77 MPa). Fracture analysis revealed 41.25% cohesive fractures, 31.75% adhesive fractures, and 25% combined fractures. In conclusion, resin cements containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen thiophosphate and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate demonstrated significantly higher SBS values (p < 0.05). Additionally, adhesive and combined fractures were prevalent at high SBS values, whereas cohesive fractures were more common as bond strength decreased. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate surface treatments and cements for optimal bonding between monolithic zirconia and titanium alloys.