Causal Structure of Healthy Longevity by Sedentary Behaviors in Elderly Residents in Japan

This research aims to clarify the causal structure of healthy longevity as influenced by sedentary behaviors among elderly residents. In September 2001, 16,462 elderly residents of suburban Tokyo were surveyed by mail using a self-administered questionnaire. The cohort survey was conducted three times over 6 years, tracking the survival of 8162 individuals from the third year onward to confirm the death dates of 278 men and 160 women up to 6 years later. Their bedridden status was verified 3 years later. Sedentary status was defined as going out less frequently and interacting less with neighbors. Less frequent outings and reduced communication with neighbors likely led to fewer days of survival and a greater need for long-term care. In other words, healthy longevity has declined after 3 years. Sedentary behaviors are also influenced by mental and physical health, which are shaped by lifestyle habits, including diet, and supported by socioeconomic status. The fundamental factors for healthy longevity include a favorable socioeconomic status. To reduce sedentary lifestyles and promote long-term healthy longevity, we must consider the underlying socioeconomic status while providing health support that encourages positive lifestyle habits and enhances mental and physical well-being.