Candidiasis Endocarditits: From Surgical Approach to Artificial Intelligence and Minimally Invasive Techniques

Candida endocarditis represents a challenging situation for cardiac surgery. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, and current diagnostic procedures and surgical approaches need to be improved. This type of fungal infection is constantly increasing. The continuing advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and its growing use in the treatment of infectious diseases allow for improved management by analyzing and linking clinical data, images, microbiological, and genomic aspects, to offer the best therapeutic option. They often affect patients who have already been operated on or are difficult to treat. New methods of diagnosis and management are available. The use of minimally invasive surgical techniques and percutaneous approaches is now widely used and allows us to offer an effective therapeutic option even for patients at high risk or even incurable with traditional techniques. In our opinion, the use of AI combined with minimally invasive or percutaneous techniques allows us to treat these highly fatal diseases, improving outcomes.