Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twins Applications in Industry 4.0 and 5.0

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twins are pillar technologies within the Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 frameworks. This chapter provides an outlook on the possible integration of such technologies into typical industrial processes and environments, focusing on specific application areas. Effective examples of the use of digital twins and AI are presented in the context of predictive maintenance, with applications in the railway industry, as effective tools for the control of industrial processes, or as helpers to human operators in contexts like the maintenance of equipment or production processes. The reader will gain an overview of effective applications of digital twins and AI-based solutions within the Industry 5.0 panorama.