Contactless Temperature Sensors for Enhancing Thermal Comfort Measurements in Buildings

This chapter provides an overview of contactless temperature sensing technologies and their role in improving thermal comfort measurement in buildings. It begins with the basics of thermal comfort and the limitations of traditional methods. Then, it introduces infrared radiation and optical sensing principles. This is followed by a detailed discussion of single-channel sensors, thermal cameras, infrared arrays, and the challenges associated with their calibration. The chapter examines the efficacy of these sensors in building environments, highlighting their ability to capture real-time temperature data without physical contact, and evaluates the potential benefits of contactless sensors in optimizing occupant comfort and energy efficiency, thereby contributing to the advancement of smart building technologies. Applications are presented across indoor, outdoor, and occupant-centered contexts, showcasing techniques for mean radiant temperature estimation, air temperature field reconstruction, and physiological monitoring. The chapter emphasizes both the opportunities and constraints of these emerging methods, including accuracy, scalability, integration into smart building systems, and alignment with standards such as ASHRAE 55 and ISO 7726.