Emerging Technologies and Sustainable Mining Practices in Tanzania: Innovations, Challenges, and Strategic Pathways

Although the global mining industry plays a pivotal role in driving economic development, it remains one of the most environmentally and socially challenging sectors. While considerable research has focused on sustainable mining in Tanzania, a notable knowledge gap exists regarding how emerging technologies, low-impact methods, and strategic frameworks are being integrated within the mining sector. This study examines the role of emerging technologies and low-impact mining practices in enhancing operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social responsibility in Tanzanian mining operations. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 100 mining stakeholders through surveys and interviews. The study analyzed the effects of automation, digital monitoring, remote sensing, renewable energy, water recycling, and other innovations on mining performance, environmental management, and community engagement. Additionally, the research explored challenges hindering the widespread adoption of sustainable practices, including financial constraints, technical skill gaps, limited access to technology, regulatory inconsistencies, and weak institutional support. The findings reveal that emerging technologies and low-impact practices have substantially improved operational efficiency, reduced environmental footprints, and strengthened stakeholder engagement in Tanzanian mining operations. However, adoption remains constrained by high costs, limited technical capacity, and inconsistent regulatory enforcement. Qualitative insights from key informants confirmed these results, emphasizing that targeted interventions, including financial support, training programs, and stronger governance, are critical for scaling up sustainable practices. Ultimately, the study provides practical guidance for policymakers, industry actors, and communities, aiming to foster a more efficient, environmentally responsible, and socially inclusive mining sector in Tanzania.