Development of the National Organized Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Croatia: From Theory to Implementation

The introduction of the National Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening Program in Croatia in 2007 marked a milestone in public health. Built on pioneering primary-care projects in Osijek (1978–1980) and sustained by professional and civic organizations, the program achieved early detection of thousands of adenomas and carcinomas, though participation remains below expectations (~25–30%). Regional experiences from Osijek-Baranja County and national professional societies (Family Medicine Department, Croatian Oncological Society, and Osijek League Against Cancer) provided the foundation for organized screening. Despite persistent barriers, measurable benefits were achieved, underscoring the need for continued efforts to raise participation, strengthen logistics, and expand endoscopy capacity.