Phosphate Removal from Phosphorus-Polluted Wastewater Using Functionalized Biochar: Implications for Desalination Pretreatment

This study comprehensively reviews the application of functionalized biochar for phosphate removal from phosphorus-polluted wastewater in desalination pretreatment. Fabricated through modification approaches (e.g., metal/metal oxide modification), functionalized biochar exhibits prominent merits, including high adsorption efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benignity, with its adsorption mechanisms involving electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and other synergistic effects. Its adsorption performance is regulated by key factors such as solution pH and initial phosphorus concentration. Multiple case studies have validated that functionalized biochar can satisfy the technical requirements of desalination pretreatment. Nevertheless, this technology currently confronts challenges, including large-scale production and adaptability to high-salinity environments. Future research should prioritize the development of novel modification strategies and the optimization of practical application processes.