Brain Networks and Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Applications

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a continuously progressing clinical and biological spectrum, in which synaptic dysfunction and the resulting brain network abnormalities serve as core mechanisms underlying the transition from subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. This chapter is organized into three sections. The first section provides an overview of brain network alterations across the different stages of AD, including both resting-state and task-related networks. The second section introduces methods for assessing brain network function, such as multimodal neuroimaging and EEG. The third section focuses on non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for AD, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which aim to restore cognitive function by modulating brain network activity.