Dataset for Serpentine Weathering under Arid Conditions: Implications for Alteration Products and Organic Preservation on Mars

The Excel workbook contains source data for Manuscript Tables 1–4, Manuscript Figures 3, 4, 6–9, 11, and 12, and Supporting Information Figures S1–S3, S7, and S8 and Table S1 for a study of arid weathering of serpentine-bearing regolith in the western Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Manuscript Figure 10 is a conceptual comparison of arid and humid serpentine-weathering systems and therefore has no independent numerical source dataset; Manuscript Figure 5 and Supporting Information Figures S4–S6 are image-based (BSE micrographs and EDS elemental maps) and are presented in the manuscript and Supporting Information rather than as numerical tables. The workbook includes X-ray diffraction patterns (2θ versus intensity); VNIR–SWIR reflectance spectra and FTIR diffuse-reflectance spectra in the expanded SWIR region (wavelength or wavenumber versus reflectance); major- and trace-element compositions; mass-weighted reconstructed bulk-horizon compositions and ternary-diagram inputs; total carbon and total organic carbon contents (TC and TOC); Mössbauer spectral parameters and semiquantitative Fe2+ and Fe3+ fractions; and Raman spectra (Raman shift versus intensity) of Mg-serpentine, carbonate, and Fe-bearing phases. It also contains RELAB reference spectra of representative Mg-serpentine, carbonate, and pyroaurite samples used for spectral comparison, infrared spectra of additional bright-toned surface-crust samples from Site #2, and the measured masses and weight percentages of coarse-grained (≥300 μm) and fine-grained (