Space Debris: An Overlooked National Security Threat

This paper examines the growing volume of orbital debris generated by commercial and state space activity and evaluates its implications for U.S. and allied security infrastructure, including communications, navigation, intelligence, and climate monitoring systems. It situates space debris within contemporary security discourse by analyzing physical collision risks, the threat of Kessler Syndrome, and the economic barriers debris poses to future space access. Drawing on recent legislative efforts, technological remediation initiatives, and economic analyses, the paper argues that orbital debris management must be elevated as a core national security priority. It concludes that sustained U.S. leadership through domestic regulation, international coordination, and public–private partnerships is essential to preserving Earth’s orbit as a viable strategic and commercial domain.