Realization of the Value of Ecological Products in National Parks: Basic Logic, Core Mechanisms and Modes

The construction of national parks is a strategic choice for safeguarding national ecological security and an urgent need for increasing the supply of high-quality ecological products. To sort out the basic logic and internal connections of the value realization of ecological products in national parks, this study puts forward the key elements and core mechanisms for the value realization of ecological products in national parks. Combining practical experience at home and abroad, the value realization modes of ecological products in national parks are divided into four major categories of national park ecological protection compensation, ecological right transaction, ecological capital income and ecological resource industrial operation, which are divided into 10 subcategories. Among the major categories, national park ecological protection compensation includes ecological compensation, transfer payment and ecological damage compensation; national park ecological right transaction includes payment for ecological services, pollution discharge rights and resource development rights; national park ecological capital income includes resource property right financing and compensation income financing; and national park ecological resource industrial operation includes industrial operation and franchised operation. The value realization of ecological products in national parks can be promoted by establishing and improving the national park ecological compensation mechanism and market-oriented mechanism, and by developing characteristic industries.