Spatial Differentiation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Water Ecological Product Supply Efficiency in an Urban Water Source Area Based on the Full-Process

Accurately calculating the value of water ecological products and the water ecological product supply efficiency (WEPSE) is of great significance in promoting the coordinated balance between ecological protection and economic and social development in a basin, and for enhancing the overall sustainable development capacity of the region. Based on calculations of the value of water ecological products in 184 administrative villages in Qingpu District of Shanghai in 2023, the improved entropy weight DEA model was used to evaluate WEPSE, and the GWR model was used to explore the influencing factors. The following results were obtained. The WEPSE values showed spatial heterogeneity, with a range of variation in Qingpu District in 2023 of [0.497, 1.000] and a decreasing trend from west to east. The overall difference in WEPSE was 0.195. The interregional contribution rate (49.205%) was stronger than either the intraregional contribution rate (26.869%) or the S.V.D contribution rate (23.926%), so it was the main source contributing to the spatial differentiation of WEPSE. The economic factors and social factors were stronger than the livelihood capital factors in the WEPSE variations in Qingpu District. The influencing factors positively correlated with WEPSE were human capital (HC), urbanization rate (UR), agricultural GDP per unit area (AGPA) and Engel coefficient (EG) in sequence. The influencing factors negatively correlated with WEPSE were disposable income (PE) and industrialization degree (ID) in sequence.