PROTOCOLS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR SECURE INTERACTION IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS WITH LOW POWER CONSUMPTION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LPWAN TECHNOLOGIES

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of protocols and architectures to ensure secure and energy-efficient interaction in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. The main focus is on the comparative study of LPWAN technologies, in particular the LoRaWAN and NB-IoT protocols. Their network stacks, security mechanisms, including AES-128 encryption systems and authentication methods, operating frequency ranges, as well as typical application scenarios in various industries are discussed in detail. The analysis of LoRaWAN architectural solutions, including components of end devices, gateways, network server and application server, is presented. The key parameters of LPWAN technologies in terms of communication range, data transfer rate, energy consumption and security are compared. The results of the study demonstrate the trade-offs between energy efficiency, cost of deployment, and level of security in various IoT scenarios, which allows choosing the optimal technology for specific applications.