METHODS AND ALGORITHMS FOR ENSURING DATA CONSISTENCY IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE APPROACHES

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern methods and algorithms for ensuring data consistency in distributed systems. The study covers three key approaches: vector clocks for tracking cause-and-effect relationships, conflict-oriented replicated data types (CRDT) for ultimate consistency, and consensus protocols (Raft, Paxos) for strict consistency. A detailed description of each method is presented, including mathematical foundations, algorithmic complexity, and practical aspects of implementation. Based on a comparative analysis, trade-offs between consistency, availability, and performance of various approaches have been identified. The results of the study demonstrate that the choice of the optimal method for ensuring consistency should be determined by the specific requirements of the application for reliability, scalability and responsiveness of the system.