A REVIEW ON BATTERY SELECTION CRITERIA FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles has intensified the importance of selecting appropriate battery technologies, as batteries directly influence vehicle performance, safety, cost, and sustainability.Battery selection involves evaluating multiple technical and economic parameters to meet specific vehicle and application requirements.This review examines the major battery technologies used in electric vehicles, including lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries, and analyses their characteristics, advantages, and limitations.Key selection criteria such as energy density, power density, capacity, cycle life, charging characteristics, thermal behaviour, cost, and safety are discussed in detail.Particular attention is given to the role of the Battery Management System in enhancing battery performance, extending service life, and ensuring operational safety.The review also highlights current challenges in battery selection, including high cost, safety risks, recycling issues, and raw material constraints, along with emerging trends such as solid-state batteries and sustainable battery technologies.The paper aims to provide a systematic and accessible reference for students, researchers, and engineers involved in electric vehicle design and development.