Regional transformation in West Asia; A new step towards regional integration

Background and Objective: The recent resumption of political talks between Iran and Saudi Arabia signals a notable shift in the traditionally tense relations among major Middle Eastern powers and reflects a broader regional trend toward pragmatic cooperation and engagement. This development has coincided with a reexamination of foreign policy orientations among key regional actors. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to examine the evolution of foreign policy approaches in Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey, and to analyze the emerging dynamics of convergence among rival states in West Asia. Method: This study adopts a qualitative, descriptive–analytical approach. It analyzes the behavior and performance of regional actors in light of changing foreign policy discourses. The research draws on relevant Persian and English sources and employs conceptual analysis to develop an analytical framework for understanding the processes of discussion and decision-making through which political leaders pursue convergence in foreign policy. Findings: The findings indicate that convergence among rival states can be understood through both situational and process-oriented dimensions. Convergence emerges as a strategic objective whereby states seek to construct new diplomatic consensus based on shared political goals and functional coordination. The analysis shows that shifts in foreign policy discourse, reassessment of national interests, and recognition of common regional challenges play a central role in facilitating this process. Conclusion: The study concludes that rival states are more likely to adopt convergent foreign policy positions when they perceive regional instability and lack of collective progress as shared threats, leading them to prioritize de-escalation, redefine strategic interests, and commit to cooperative principles. Such convergence contributes to regional stability and fosters mutually beneficial engagement among major actors in West Asia.