The Effect of Toxic Leadership on Turnover Intention; Study on Mediation of Work Environment and Cognitive Distress at SMA Islam Samarinda

Leadership behavior plays a crucial role in creating a healthy and sustainable work environment. However, the emergence of a destructive leadership style (toxic leadership) can cause psychological stress, discomfort, and even turnover intention among employees. This study aims to analyze the influence of toxic leadership on turnover intention among teachers and educational staff at Samarinda Islamic High School, as well as to examine the mediating role of the work environment and cognitive distress. This study employed a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires. The analytical model used was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Based on theoretical studies and previous research, toxic leadership is suspected to have a positive effect on turnover intention, both directly and indirectly, through a non-conducive work environment and cognitive distress experienced by employees. This study is expected to provide empirical contributions regarding the psychological and environmental factors influencing turnover intention in the education sector, as well as offer input for school administrators in developing healthy and supportive leadership patterns.