Historical and cultural aspects of the formation of literary studies

The article highlights the study of historical aspects of the formation of literary studies as a scientific discipline. The connection of literary studies with other disciplines is established and the future paradigm of its development is outlined. Many years of analysis of literary activity have reached such a level that they led to the creation of independent disciplines, known as literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, etc. Literary studies not only developed rapidly, but also in a short period of time became an independent subject of study, and also created its own terminology, which is used to this day. The formation of literary studies as a scientific discipline is a long process that encompasses the development of synergistic and cultural approaches to the study of literature from ancient times to the modern era. Starting with the philosophical and aesthetic reflections of antiquity and the Middle Ages, this path evolved towards the isolation of specialized fields, such as literary theory, literary history, and literary criticism. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the development of methodologies such as formalism and structuralism opened up new horizons for considering literature as a special phenomenon of social life. This allowed for a deeper study of its functions, the specificity of the artistic word, and its influence on the formation of personality, affirming the significance of literature in a cultural and spiritual context. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the historical periods of the formation of literary studies taking into account the history of pedagogy and the specifics of literature.