Genetic Modifications in TP53 and Their Effect on Oral Mucosal Healing After Surgery: A Literature Review

Background: TP53, a well-known tumor suppressor gene, plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Alterations in this gene are frequently associated with various malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, its impact on oral mucosal healing post-surgery remains underexplored. Objective: This review aims to elucidate the influence of TP53 genetic alterations on the healing process of oral mucosa after surgical interventions by analyzing current literature and experimental studies. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on studies published in the last two decades. Results: TP53 mutations were found to impair wound healing by disrupting key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response, which are essential for tissue repair. Conclusion: Understanding the genetic landscape of TP53 can aid in developing targeted therapies to enhance post-surgical recovery in oral surgery patients, potentially leading to personalized treatment approaches.