Expression of Concern: Healthcare Security in Edge-Fog-Cloud Environment using Blockchain: A Systematic Review

EXPRESSION OF CONCERN FOR: Zaid J. Al-Araji, Mahmood S. AlKhaldee, Ammar Awad Mutlag, Zaid Ali Abdulkadhim, Hussein M. Farhood, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Ahmad, Namaa N. Hikmat, Ayad Yassen, Abdullah A. Ibrahim Al-Dulaimi, Najwa N. Hazem Al-Sheikh, Ammar Hashim Ali. (2025). Healthcare Security in Edge-Fog-Cloud Environment using Blockchain: A Systematic Review. Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity, 5(1), 606-635. https://doi.org/10.58496/MJCS/2025/037 https://mesopotamian.press/journals/index.php/CyberSecurity/article/view/844 Reason for Expression of Concern: The Editors wish to alert readers to potential concerns regarding the reliability of the findings reported in “Healthcare Security in Edge-Fog-Cloud Environment using Blockchain: A Systematic Review”. The journal has initiated an additional editorial assessment of the article’s methodology, data provenance, and reported outcomes to confirm their reliability and reproducibility. This notice is issued to ensure transparency while the review is ongoing. The Expression of Concern does not constitute a final determination regarding the validity of the work. The journal will update readers once the assessment is completed and will take any necessary editorial action in accordance with the journal’s policies and COPE guidance.